Genetic code surprise: An Oxford pond microbe uses two universal stop codons to code for amino acids, breaking a key rule of molecular biology. Why it matters: The discovery could alter evolutionary ...

The DNA of nearly all life on Earth contains many redundancies, and scientists have long wondered whether these redundancies served a purpose or if they were just leftovers from evolutionary processes ...

Industrial yeasts are a powerhouse of protein production, used to manufacture vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, and other useful compounds. In a new study, MIT chemical engineers have harnessed artificial ...

The genetic building blocks of life—formed from the four nucleotides adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)—are read in groups of three known as codons. While some codons (known as ...