The story of the 1963 Birmingham civil rights demonstrations, and the brutal response from Birmingham officials has been told many times and often told well. But missing from these accounts is an ...
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in the U.S. based on “race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.” Yet, as a historian who studies social movements and political change, I ...
In the spring of 1963, Birmingham, Alabama was a city gripped by fear. Many doubted that Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth’s and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Birmingham Campaign” against segregation could ...