Animal models are required to study mechanisms of early cardiovascular development. The chick embryo has been used as a model for many decades because the embryonic chick heart resembles the ...
Observational studies suggest that conventional right ventricular apical pacing may have a deleterious effect on left ventricular function. In this study, we examined whether biventricular pacing is ...
With upright exercise there is a slower rise in heart rate in the elderly compared to the younger subject. Stroke volume is maintained in the elderly person by an increase in end-diastolic volume ...
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