There is no statutory requirement that formal logic be adhered to during examination of patent claims. Examiners and patent practitioners are free to use a wide variety of discussion and argument ...

DeepMind is pushing artificial intelligence into one of the hardest arenas in science, building a system that can navigate the unforgiving logic of formal mathematical proofs. Instead of just ...

Modal logic, an extension of classical logic, investigates the modes of truth such as necessity and possibility. Its development has been closely intertwined with advances in proof theory, a field ...

Computational logic and formal languages form a cornerstone of modern computer science and mathematics, providing the theoretical framework by which algorithms, automated reasoning systems and even ...

A mathematical problem more than 300 years old gets a formal proof with the help of computer formal verification. A team led by mathematician Thomas Hales has delivered a formal proof of the Kepler ...

What seem to be Kurt Gödel's first notes on logic, an exercise notebook of 84 pages, contains formal proofs in higher-order arithmetic and set theory. The choice of these topics is clearly suggested ...

Computer-assisted of mathematical proofs are not new. For example, computers were used to confirm the so-called 'four color theorem.' In a short release, 'Proof by computer,' the American Mathematical ...