A rubidium standard, or rubidium atomic clock, is a high accuracy frequency and time standard, usually accurate to within a few parts in 10 11. This is still several orders of magnitude less than some ...

The versatile phase-locked loop (PLL) allows multiplication of a reference frequency with an operating frequency that ranges from “DC to daylight.” A PLL is overkill for some applications, however, ...

You all will be familiar of basic comparator using a Op-Amp circuit. So today we will show you how to move a trip point of a Op-Amp comparator circuit. Maybe many of people already know this, but ...

In this paper an All Digital phase locked loop is proposed. This PLL can accomplish faster phase lock. Additionally, the functions of frequency comparator and phase detector have been improved and are ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...

BUDGE ING, Maxim Integrated Products Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif. [email protected] Because digital systems often have only a single-polarity power supply, a common problem becomes translating an ...