Investing can often feel like navigating a maze of endless options and ever-shifting market conditions. This is where the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) comes in, offering a roadmap for making smarter ...

Learn how the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) assesses Apple's stock, offering insights into expected annual returns and systematic risk evaluation with a 6.25% estimation.

The Global Market Index (GMI) is expected to earn a 7%-plus annualized total return in today’s update for the long-run ...

A central question in equity valuation is, why do stock valuation ratios (like price/earnings) differ so widely across companies? Ricardo Delao, Xiao Han, and Sean Myers, authors of "The Return of ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation The economic literature has long attributed non-zero expected excess returns in currency markets to time-varying risk ...

Portfolio optimization is selecting the best possible allocation of assets to maximize the expected return for a given level of risk. This involves looking at the expected returns, volatility, and ...