Nucleotides are essential to all life on Earth as they form the building blocks of DNA or RNA, and understanding how they were first made is a long-standing challenge that must be resolved to ...

This image illustrates the chemical structure of a purine molecule, highlighting the numbering of the carbon and nitrogen atoms. The purine structure consists of a pyrimidine ring (positions 1 to 6) ...

American Journal of Botany, Vol. 52, No. 9 (Oct., 1965), pp. 900-910 (11 pages) The purine analogs, 8-azaadenine, 8-azaguanine, 8-azaxanthine and 8-azahypoxanthine, and the pyrimidine analogs, ...

How life on Earth first started is a mystery mankind has grappled with for thousands of years. Scientists generally agree that all life must have evolved from single-celled organisms that first ...

This image illustrates the chemical structures of the five main nucleobases found in DNA and RNA. The pyrimidines, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA), and cytosine are shown on top while the purines, adenine ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 115, No. 1 (January 2, 2018), pp. 36-40 (5 pages) Aqueous microdroplets (<1.3 μm in diameter on average) ...

A single process for how a group of molecules called nucleotides were made on the early Earth, before life began, has been suggested by a UCL-led team of researchers. Nucleotides are essential to all ...

A NUMBER of methods have been published for the column chromatographic separation of the purine and pyrimidine bases 1. The shortcomings of these are their slow rates of flow and the fact that the ...

There are four bases: Adenine and Guanine (purines); Cytosine and Thymine (Pyrimidines). Purines have two carbon-nitrogen rings while pyrimidines have a single carbon-nitrogen ring. Thus, there are ...